Articles

Advanced Topics in Foundation Engineering

  • Foundation Design Software: A Complete Guide for Structural Engineers 2026

    Foundation Design Software: A Complete Guide for Structural Engineers 2026

    In this document, after introducing the basic concepts related to the design of shallow foundations and the structural elements that compose a foundation system, an ultra-efficient design workflow is described to perform the complete design of shallow foundation systems using software, applicable to most industrial, commercial, or residential structures. The described work

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  • Isolated Foundations Design

    Isolated Foundations Design

    Foundations are a fundamental part of any structure, as they are responsible for correctly transferring loads to the ground. Within the wide variety of foundations, isolated footings are the most commonly used for small and medium-sized structures due to their simple design, ease of construction, and high versatility.

    The operating principle of

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  • Strip Foundations Optimization

    Strip Foundations Optimization

    Walls are structural elements widely used throughout the world. Particularly in seismic zones, they take on special relevance, as they are slender elements that provide great stiffness and strength to any structure. Strictly speaking, it is possible to build a wall with isolated foundations at a certain spacing; however, this would impose great additional stresses on the w

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  • Pedestal Design using Interaction Diagrams

    Pedestal Design using Interaction Diagrams

    Pedestals are transition elements between the superstructure columns and the foundations. When the superstructure is being designed, the foundation bearing level or the foundation height might not yet be defined; therefore, the pedestal is responsible for transferring loads between both elements. This is not a trivial task, as this load transfer can occur over a considerab

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  • Mat Foundations Optimization

    Mat Foundations Optimization

    When discussing foundation systems, a single alternative is rarely the only solution. There are generally many possible ways to found a structure, each with different dimensions and foundation types. Among these alternatives, a large mat foundation for the entire structure is always an option worth evaluating.

    Using a

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  • Tie beams in foundation systems

    Tie beams in foundation systems

    A key concept in structural engineering is understanding that geometry and stresses are closely related. It is precisely this relationship that makes controlling differential settlements necessary, as relative displacements generate increases in internal stresses. These displacements will not always be vertical; they could also occur within the horizontal plane.

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  • Foundation beams

    Foundation beams

    While tie beams are intended to prevent relative horizontal displacements between foundations, foundation beams are designed to work as an extension of the foundation itself, resisting shear, bending, and axial forces. These elements harmonize stresses, bearing pressures, and settlements between the foundations

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  • AI Powered Foundation Systems Configuration

    AI Powered Foundation Systems Configuration

    The structural design process is non-linear; it always requires evaluating different alternatives, iterating on designs, or reviewing modification requirements. This entire process is even more complex in foundation design, as foundations are often the last elements to be designed but the first to be built, meaning time is rarely on the engineer's side.

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  • Automatic Steel Reinforcement

    Automatic Steel Reinforcement

    Steel reinforcement detailing is a task that is simultaneously highly complex and quite straightforward. In principle, the idea is clear: to provide a sufficient amount of steel so that the foundation can resist the internal stresses to which it is subjected under ultimate load combinations. The required area of steel is obtained from a system of simple equations by determ

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  • Deliverables for the design of a foundation system

    Deliverables for the design of a foundation system

    As critical as an accurate foundation system design is how those design results are communicated. It serves no purpose for everything to be correctly modeled and calculated if the information is misunderstood on-site and ends up being executed incorrectly. There is a series of technical documents that must be delivered upon completion of any structural design project, both

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  • Geotechnical Analysis: Pressure bulbs and Settlements

    Geotechnical Analysis: Pressure bulbs and Settlements

    Geotechnical analysis is a crucial part of foundation design. Beyond verifying the stability of a foundation and the bearing capacity of the ground, it is vital to understand how stresses are distributed deep into the soil and what the resulting deformations will be.

    Soil Pressures

    Soil can be a highly complex med

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